VOlUME 02 ISSUE 07 JULY 2023
1Resty L. Katigbak,2Edilberto Z. Andal,EdD
1Malitlit, Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines 4217
2Sto Angel, San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines 4000
DOI : https://doi.org/10.58806/ijsshmr.2023.v2i7n04Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
This study aims to discern the challenges, coping strategies, and skills utilized by out-of-field teachers handling MAPEH subjects to determine self-efficacy mediates the relationship between the Challenges, coping strategies, and skills. The respondents rated moderate agreement on their challenges from initial to novice teachers. Moderate agreement assessment of the respondents on their challenges regarding ongoing teaching-learning. The assessment of the respondents as to the challenges they encountered in terms of professional development was verbally interpreted as moderately agree. The agreement from the respondents on their coping strategies utilized as to content knowledge. The respondents agreed that they utilize the indicated coping strategies. The respondents agreed that they utilized careful guidance as one of the strategies as out-of-field teachers. The respondents agreed on attentive leadership as a strategy for the out-of-field teacher. The assessment of the respondents on their human skills was verbally interpreted as agreeing. The hard skill is interpreted as agreed by the respondents. The overall level of the respondents' performance in terms of self-efficacy is verbally interpreted as agreed. There is a significant relationship between coping strategies and self-efficacy variables. On the one hand, a moderate to strong relationship is seen between variables. Thus the research null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant relationship between coping strategies and performance variables. A moderate to strong relationship was seen between variables; hence, the research null hypothesis is partially sustained. Findings revealed that Self-Efficacy constructs do not mediate the relationship between Challenges and Performance. On the other hand, Self-Efficacy could explain the variations in Coping Strategies and Performance Scores. It led to the acceptance of the research null hypothesis.
KEYWORDS:Challenges, CopingStrategies, HumanSkill, HardSkill, Self-Efficacy
REFERENCES
1) Abas, Jr. R. (2019). Challenges of BSED MAPEH Program at the College of Teacher Education. Batangas State
University. Pablo Borbon, Main Campus I. Batangas City.
2) Abulon, E. L. R. (2017). Basic education teachers' concept of effective teaching: Inputs to teacher education curriculum
in the Philippies. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 3(3): 35-48.
3) Adela Solís, Ph.D. • IDRA Newsletter • August 2009. Pedagogical Content Knowledge- What Matters Most in the
Professional Learning of Content Teachers in Classrooms with Diverse Student Populations,
https://www.idra.org/resource-center/pedagogical-content-knowledge/
4) Akareem, H.S., 2016. Determinants of education quality: What makes students" perception different? Open Review of
Educational Research, 3(1): 52-67.
5) Akhavan, N., & Tracz, S. (2016). The effects of coaching on teacher efficacy, academic optimism and student
achievement: The consideration of a continued professional development option for teachers. Journal of Education and
Human Development, 5(3), 38-53. https://doi.org/10.15640/ jehd.v5n3a5.
6) Augusto, W.S, Jumior. (2019). A phenomenological study on the lived experience of the out-of-field mentors. Cebu
Normal University. Cebu City, Philippines.
7) Bala, C. (2017). Problems encountered in K to 12 curriculum. DepEd Nueva Ecija. Retrieved from
http://depedne.net/?page=news&action=detai ls&opt=popup&REFECODE=ARPRO20170 70 002.
8) Baldoni, J. (2010). The importance of resourcefulness. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved October 28, 2016, from
https://hbr.org/2010/01/leaders-canlearn-to-make-do-a/.
9) Bayani, R., & Guhao Jr., E. (2017). Out-of-Field Teaching: Experiences of Non-Filipino Majors. International Journal of
Education, Development, Society and Technology, 5(11), 91–127. https://zenodo.org/record/1423235#.YAr10OgzbIU.
10) Bryant, J. (2016). Teachers are increasingly frustrated, and that's bad for students. Retrieved October 20, 2016 from
http://www.alternet.org/education/teachers-areincreasingly-frustrated-and-thats-bad-students
11) Caylao, F. R. (2015). My thoughts on out-of-field teaching. Sun.Star Pampanga. Retrieved November 5, 2016 from
https://www.pressreader.com/.
12) Cinkir, S. and Kurum, G. (2015). Discrepancy in teacher employment: the problem of out-of-field teacher employment.
Ankara University.
13) Craig, C. J. (2016). Structure of Teacher Education." In International Handbook of Teacher Education, edited
by J. Loughran and M. Hamilton, 69–135. Singapore: Springer.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0366-0_3. [Crossref], [Google Scholar].
14) Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and
health. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 182-185. doi: 10.1037/a0012801.
15) Du Plessis, A. E. 2017. Out-of-Field Teaching Practices: What Educational Leaders Need to Know. Sense Publishers.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-953-9. [Crossref], [Google Scholar].
16) Faulkner, F., J. Kenny, C. Campbell, and C. Crisan. (2019). Teacher learning and continuous professional development.
in examining the phenomenon of "teaching out-of-field": international perspectives on teaching as a non-specialist, edited
by L. Hobbs and G. Törner, 269–308. Singapore: Springer.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3366-8_11. [Crossref], [Google Scholar].
17) Geoffrey Phelps, Stephen Schilling.(2004). Developing Measur eloping Measures of Content K es of Content Knowledge
for T nowledge for Teaching eaching Reading.
18) Gielnik, M. M., Bledow, R., and Stark, M. S. (2020). A dynamic account of self-efficacy in entrepreneurship. J. Appl.
Psychol. 105, 487–496. doi: 10.1037/ apl0000451
19) Gurganious, N. J. (2017). The relationship between teacher autonomy and middle school students' achievement in
Science (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Walden University, Minnesota. Han, J., &
20) Hobbs, L., 2015. Teaching out-of-field: Factors shaping identities of secondary Science and mathematics. Teaching
Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association, 58(1): 21-29.
21) Hobbs, L., 2015. Teaching out-of-field: Factors shaping identities of secondary Science and mathematics. Teaching
Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association, 58(1): 21-29.
22) Hobbs, L. (2020). Learning to teach science out-of-field: a spatial-temporal experience." journal of science teacher
education 31. (7): 725–745. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1046560X.2020.1718315. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of
Science ®], [Google Scholar].
23) Hobbs, L. 2020. Learning to Teach Science Out-of-field: A Spatial-temporal Experience." Journal of Science Teacher
Education 31 (7): 725–745. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1046560X.2020.1718315. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of
Science ®], [Google Scholar].
24) Ingersoll, R. (2015). The problem of underqualified teachers in american secondary schools. educational researcher 28
(2): 26–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X028002026. [Crossref], [Google Scholar].
25) Jason Barger. (2015). Attentiveness (one of the overlooked leadership skills).
https://jasonvbarger.com/uncategorized/attentiveness-one-of-the-overlooked-leadershipskills/#:~:text=To%20be%20attentive%20is%20to,appear%20in%20front%20of%20them.
26) Kim, E., 2016. Policy change and teaching quality: An analysis of out-of-field teaching realities in upper secondary
schools in Korea between 2008 and 2013. TAS Collective Symposium. pp: 17-18.
27) Kim, E., 2016. Policy change and teaching quality: An analysis of out-of-field teaching realities in upper secondary
schools in Korea between 2008 and 2013. TAS Collective Symposium. pp: 17-18.
28) Kurbanoglu NI, Akim A. (2016). The relationships between university students' chemistry laboratory anxiety, attitudes,
and self-efficacy beliefs. Aust J Teach Educ.
29) McConney, A. and Price, A. (2019). Teaching out-offield in western australia. Australian Journal of Teacher Education:
34 (6), Article 6.
30) McMillan, J. H., & Forsyth, D. R. (2016). What theories of motivation say about why learners learn. New directions for
teaching and learning, 45(2), 39-51. doi: 10.1002/tl.37219914507.
31) Meece, J. L., Glienke, B. B., & Burg, S. (2016). Gender and motivation. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5), 351-373.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.004.
32) Merrill, L. and May, H.. (2015). What Are the Effects of Teacher Education and Preparation on Beginning Teacher
Attrition?. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/78.
33) Özbilen, F. M., Günay, G., & Yıldız, B. B. (2020). Evaluation of teachers' motivation and participation levels in
professional development activities. International Journal of Educational Studies and Policy (IJESP), 1(1), 15-35.
34) Porsch, R. and H. Wendt. (2015.) Social and Science education by primary school teachers who majored in Biology
versus a different subject. ECER Conference.
35) Porsch, R., and R. Whannell. (2019). Out-of-Field teaching affecting students and learning: what is known and
unknown." in examining the phenomenon of "teaching out-of-field": international perspectives on teaching as a nonspecialist, edited by L. Hobbs and G. Törner, 179–191. Singapore: Springer.doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-
3366-8_7. [Crossref], [Google Scholar].
36) Price, A., (2019). An international perspective on teaching across specializations. Australia: Murdoch University.
37) Price, A., C. Vale, R. Porsch, and J. A. Luft. (2019). teaching out-of-field internationally." in examining the phenomenon
of "teaching out-of-field. international perspectives on teaching as a non-specialist, edited
by L. Hobbs and G. Törner, 53–83. Singapore: Springer.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3366-8_3. [Crossref], [Google Scholar].
38) Prince, G., and M. O'Connor. (2018). Crunching the Numbers on Out-of-field Teaching. Occasional Paper 1. Carlton:
AMSI." Accessed September 1, 2021. https://amsi.org.au/media/AMSI-Occasional-Paper-Out-of-Field-MathsTeaching.pdf [Google Scholar].
39) Revee, J., & Su, Y. L. (2018). Teacher motivation. In M. Gagné (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of work engagement,
motivation, and self-determination theory (pp. 349-362). New York, NY: Oxford University Press
40) Sambe, M. (2015). Out-of-field teaching. The african perspective. Retrieved November 5, 2016, from
http://www.tapmagonline.com/out-of-fieldteaching-by-mariam-sambe/.
41) Sanchez, R. and Rue, L (2019). Narratives of out of field teachers in the province of Cavite, Philippines.
42) Sharplin, E.D., 2017. Reconceptualising out-of-field teaching: Experiences of rural teachers in Western Australia.
Educational Research, 56(1): 97-110.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2013.874160.
43) Sharplin, E. D. (2017). (Reconceptualising Out-of-field Teaching: Experiences of Rural Teachers in Western
Australia." Educational Research 56 (1): 97–110. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2013.874160. [Taylor & Francis
Online], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
44) Shaukat, S., & Iqbal, H. M. (2017). Teacher self-efficacy as a function of student engagement, instructional strategies and
classroom management. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(3), 82-86.
45) Schunk, D. H., & Usher, E. L. (2019). Social cognitive theory and motivation. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), The Oxford
handbook of human motivation (2nd ed., pp. 11–26). New York: Oxford University Press.
46) Tess, 2015. Lesson Planning. https://granite.pressbooks.pub/edu606-701/chapter/writing-measurable-learningobjectives/#:~:text=Planning%20helps%20to%20make%20your,students'%20learning%20as%20they%20teach.
47) Tohidi, H., & Jabbari, M. M. (2018). The effects of motivation in education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,
31, 820-824. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.148.
48) Triyanto, R. A. D. H. (2016). Teacher motivation based on gender, tenure and level of education. The New Educational
Review, 45(3), 199-209. doi: 10.15804/tner.2016.45.3.16.
49) Ugar, Y. (2019). Okul müdürlerinin liderlik uygulamaları ile öğretmenlerin motivasyonu arasındaki ilişki (Unpublished
master’s thesis), İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul..
50) Uğraş, S., & Özen, G. (2019). Examining Teaching Motivations of Physical Education Teachers. International Journal of
Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 4(10), 497-512. doi: 10.18826/ijsets.83797.
51) Utomo, H. B. (2018). Teacher motivation behavior: The importance of personal expectations, need satisfaction, and work
climate. International Journal of Pedagogy and Teacher Education (IJPTE), 2(2), 333-342. doi:
10.20961/ijpte.v2i2.24036.
52) Weldon, P. R. (2016). Out-of-Field Teaching in Australian Secondary Schools. Australian Council for Educational
Research (ACER). https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=policyinsights.
53) Wilhelm, T. (2016). Teachers vs. administrators: Ending the adversarial relationship. Retrieved from http://education.cuportland.edu/blog/leaderslink/teachers-vs-administrators-ending-theadversarial-relationship/.
54) Worth, J., & Van den Brande, J. (2020) Teacher autonomy: How does it relate to job satisfaction and retention?, Slough:
NFER. Retrieved from
https://tdtrust.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/08/teacher_autonomy_how_does_it_relate_to_job_satisfaction_and_rete
ntion-1.pdf Retrieved date 05.01.2021.
55) Yaman, E. (2015). Öğretmenlik mesleğinin sosyo-ekonomik statüsü/bu mesleğin bir bayan mesleği haline dönüşmesi
durumu ve eğitim fakültesi üzerine bir araştırma. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (2), 53-68.
56) Yin, H. (2016). Teacher motivation: Definition, research development and implications for teachers. Cogent Education,
3(1), 1217819, Doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2016.1217819.
57) Zhang, Q. (2017). Teaching with enthusiasm: Engaging students, sparking curiosity, and jumpstarting motivation.
Communication Currents. 9(1) 44-56.